Osteoporosis is characterized by bones weakening and becoming brittle due to loss of density and mass. Often called a "silent disease," it advances without noticeable symptoms until fractures occur, typically in the spine, hip, or wrist.
Bones are dynamic structures, constantly undergoing breakdown and rebuilding. Osteoporosis disrupts this balance, causing bones to become porous, fragile, and more prone to fractures. Although it can affect both genders, women are more susceptible, especially after menopause when estrogen levels decline, accelerating bone loss.
Common signs include
- Back Pain: Often from fractured vertebrae or collapsed spinal bones.
- Loss of Height: Spinal bones weaken over time, causing compression.
- Stooped Posture: Resulting from spinal fractures that curve the spine.
- Fractures: Occurring from minor falls or spontaneously in severe cases.
To empower against osteoporosis, understanding risk factors and taking proactive measures is crucial:
- Nutrition: A diet rich in calcium (found in dairy, leafy greens, and fortified foods) and vitamin D (from sunlight and supplements) supports bone health.
- Exercise: Weight-bearing activities like walking or resistance training build bone density, while balance exercises reduce fall risks.
- Lifestyle Choices: Avoiding smoking and moderating alcohol intake is vital; smoking hinders calcium absorption, and excessive alcohol reduces bone formation.
- Medical Management: For those at higher risk, especially post-menopausal women or those with a family history, bone density tests (DEXA scan) and medications to slow bone loss or strengthen bones may be recommended.
Osteoporosis weakens bones silently until fractures occur due to density and mass loss. Prevention includes maintaining a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, regular exercise, and avoiding harmful habits. Early detection through screening and timely medical intervention are essential for effectively managing osteoporosis and preserving bone health.
